In order to smoothly carry out the operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities and continuously improve the operation and maintenance technology and management level, our department organized the preparation of "Common Problems and Treatment Guidelines for Rural Domestic Sewage Operation and Maintenance" 》, is hereby issued, and all localities are requested to refer to and implement it in light of actual conditions.
This guideline is managed by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. Zhejiang Shuangliang Shangda Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. is responsible for the explanation of the specific technical content and is published on the website of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. public.
Attachment: Common problems and treatment guidelines for rural domestic sewage operation and maintenance
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Common problems and treatment guidelines for rural domestic sewage operation and maintenance
Foreword
According to the "Notice on Printing and Distributing the 2017 Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities Operation and Maintenance Guidelines Preparation Plan" by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (Jianban Village Zi [Jianbancunzi] 2017〕No. 163) requires that in order to make the operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities smoother and continuously improve the operation and maintenance technology and management level, this document has been formulated after in-depth investigation and study, careful summary of practical experience, and full solicitation of opinions. Guidelines.
This guideline was proposed and managed by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and Zhejiang Shuangliang Shangda Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. is responsible for the specific technical interpretation. During the implementation process, relevant units are requested to continuously summarize experience based on actual conditions, and report the problems, opinions and suggestions found to Zhejiang Shuangliang Shangda Co., Ltd. (Address: Hangzhou West LakeZhang Wenxin, 2nd Floor, Building 1, Xicheng Boss, No. 160 Zixuan Road, District, Postcode: 312030), for reference when revising.
The chief editor of this guideline: Zhejiang Shuangliang Shangda Environmental Protection Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this guideline: Zheng Wangwang, Wang Rong, Xu Jun Kang, Yang Tiefeng, Pan Ziqiang, Jin Liyan, Li Ling, Zhang Wenxin, Wang Xiao, Xu Xufeng, Wang Fei
The main reviewers of this guideline: Luo Ancheng, Li Jun, Mei Rongwu, Liao Min, Xu Minghai
1 General Principles
1.1 In order to standardize the operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, the diagnosis and treatment operation and maintenance period In order to improve the quality of operation and maintenance and ensure the effective, safe and stable operation of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, these guidelines are formulated to address common problems.
1.2 This guideline is applicable to the diagnosis and treatment of common problems in the operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities by operation and maintenance units in Zhejiang Province.
1.3 The diagnosis and treatment of common problems in the operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities should not only comply with these guidelines, but also comply with current national, provincial and local laws, regulations, standards and relevant Require.
2 Terms
2.1 Rural domestic sewage. It refers to the sewage generated in daily life in rural areas, as well as the sewage generated from rural public welfare undertakings, public services and business activities such as B&B, catering, washing, and beauty salons. ("Regulations on the Management of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities in Zhejiang Province" (Announcement No. 18 of the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth People's Congress of Zhejiang Province, September 27, 2019)
2.2 Rural Life Sewage treatment facilities. Refers to the general term for structures and equipment that collect and treat rural domestic sewage.
2.3 Terminal facilities. The general term for structures and equipment for terminal treatment of sewage. It mainly includes pre-treatment facilities, main treatment facilities and ancillary treatment facilities. 2.4 Pre-treatment facilities have the ability to remove suspended solids and sand. The general term for sewage treatment facilities that regulate water volume, water quality and other functions, generally consisting of a grille tank, a grit settling tank, a regulating tank, etc.
2.5 The main treatment facility generally consists of anaerobic treatment facilities.It consists of one or more treatment facilities, aerobic treatment facilities, ecological treatment facilities, etc., as well as related facilities such as disinfection and discharge outlets.
2.6 Ancillary treatment facilities. Supporting facilities in terminal facilities that are not directly related to the sewage treatment process. Including signage, greening, steps, fences and equipment rooms, etc.
2.7 Operation and maintenance service organization. A professional technical service company or organization that signs a service contract with the client to provide operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities.
2.8 Grille well. A grating placed in the grating well can be used to block and separate the garbage in the sewage. It can intercept and collect the garbage in the sewage efficiently and simply. After the garbage in rural domestic sewage is blocked by the grate well, it only needs to be salvaged and then collected and processed uniformly.
2.9 Grit tank. A pool that removes larger-sized sand or impurities in the water that have a larger specific gravity and can naturally settle.
2.10 Adjustment pool. Refers to the structure used to regulate the inlet and outlet water flow. It mainly plays the role of regulating water quantity and quality, and also regulates the pH value, water temperature and pre-aeration of sewage. It can also be used as an accident drainage pool.
2.11 Anaerobic treatment facilities. It is an organic sewage treatment facility that uses facultative anaerobic bacteria and obligate anaerobic bacteria to degrade macromolecular organic matter in sewage into low molecular compounds while producing gaseous substances such as methane and carbon dioxide. According to the process, it is generally divided into anaerobic digestion tank, aerobic treatment tank, etc.
2.12 Aerobic treatment facilities. A treatment facility that uses aerobic microorganisms (including facultative microorganisms) to perform biological metabolism in the presence of oxygen to degrade organic matter and make it stable and harmless. According to the process, it is generally divided into activated sludge method, biological contact oxidation method, MBR membrane method, etc.
2.13 Ecological treatment facilities. Utilize the functions and functions of natural biological chains (the chain relationship of material circulation and energy flow formed between various organisms in nature) to realize the adsorption, interception, storage, transformation, and assimilation of pollutants between different species. , to treat natural pollutants, a treatment facility that not only achieves ecological balance, but also functions to purify sewage. According to the technology, it is generally divided into artificial wetlands, ecological filters, stabilizing ponds (oxidation ponds, biological ponds), etc.
2.14 Pipe network maintenance. It refers to the inspection, repair, dredging and maintenance of the pipe network.
2.15 Inspection well. Integrated plastic injection molding to facilitate regular inspection, cleaning and dredging or downhole operation inspectionA well-shaped structure made of bricks or bricks.
2.16 Chute type inspection well. The trough well, for short, is an inspection well in which an arc-shaped water tank is installed at the bottom of the inspection well in order to maintain a stable flow pattern and avoid eddy currents caused by changes in the cross-section of the water flow.
2.17 Submerged mud inspection well. Referred to as a sedimentation well, a deepened part is set at the bottom of the well to serve as an inspection well for sedimentation of mud and sand in the pipeline.
2.18 Indoor facilities. The sewage collection pipe network, cleaning well, septic tank, grease trap and other facilities before connecting the household well.
2.19 Pipe network facilities. The parts below the cleaning well water inlet pipe to the terminal treatment facilities are considered pipe network facilities. Pipe network facilities include collection equipment, transmission pipelines, lifting pump stations and ancillary structures.
2.20 Pick up Toi. The well that collects farmers' washing sewage, septic tank effluent and kitchen sewage serves as the boundary between indoor facilities and pipe network facilities.
2.21 Constructed wetland. Constructed wetlands are artificially constructed, controllable and engineered wetland ecosystems. Constructed wetlands are ecological treatment facilities that optimize and integrate the physical, chemical and biological effects in the natural wetland ecosystem through design and combination to treat sewage. In order to ensure that sewage has good hydraulic flow patterns and large volume utilization, the design of constructed wetlands should adopt appropriate shapes and sizes, appropriate water inlet, outlet and water distribution systems, as well as planting anti-pollution and pollution-removing capabilities. The strong biophytes, hygrophytes and aquatic plants not only have the main ecological and environmental functions of natural wetlands, but also strengthen the ability to purify sewage.
3 Basic Provisions
3.1 Diagnosis and treatment of common problems in the operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities
Diagnosis: The entire process in which operation and maintenance technicians observe the operating status and working conditions of equipment and facilities, conduct analysis, reasoning and judgment based on the conditions and problems that occur on site, and draw final scientific conclusions.
Processing: Operation and maintenance technicians adopt professional techniques based on observing the operating status and working conditions of equipment and facilities, analyzing, reasoning and judging based on the phenomena and problems that arise, and making scientific diagnoses. and management measures to solve the problems of the operating status and abnormal working of sewage treatment equipment and facilities, so that they can operate normally and effectively treat sewage.
3.2 On-site operation and maintenance personnel
NowOn-site operation and maintenance personnel should be allocated according to the scale of the sewage treatment project, and according to the area of villages and towns in the project and the actual number of facilities, operation and maintenance technicians with corresponding disciplines and professions should be assigned. After systematic professional training, they should start working after being qualified.
3.3 On-site operation and maintenance equipment and tools
On-site operation and maintenance equipment: vehicles and instruments needed for daily operation and maintenance inspections. The vehicles mainly include operation and maintenance inspection vehicles, sewage suction trucks, pipeline dredging vehicles, etc.; the instruments mainly include high-pressure water guns, CCTV detection equipment, QV endoscopes, safety masks, emergency generators, etc.
On-site operation and maintenance tools refer to the tools needed to repair and repair various problems in daily operation and maintenance. Mainly include various types of wrenches, various pliers, various screwdrivers, soldering irons, multimeters, labor protection supplies, protective supplies, sampling tools, etc.
3.4 Operation and maintenance content
Operation and maintenance content mainly includes pipe network operation and maintenance and terminal operation and maintenance.
3.5 Operation and maintenance records
During the operation and maintenance period, the operation and maintenance record form should be filled in; it mainly contains basic data records of domestic sewage treatment facilities in administrative villages and rural areas. Table, administrative village rural domestic sewage terminal treatment facility inspection record form, administrative village rural domestic sewage treatment pipe network facility inspection record form, administrative village rural domestic sewage treatment facility maintenance record form, administrative village rural domestic sewage treatment facility maintenance record form, administrative Record forms for incoming and outgoing water quality testing of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, feedback record forms for operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, registration forms for reporting abnormalities in rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, etc., and report relevant information in a timely manner as required Records are uploaded to the agricultural pollution operation and maintenance supervision platform.
3.6 Problem Handling
(1) Problems that can be handled on-site during operation and maintenance should be solved in a timely manner and a problem resolution report form should be filled out.
(2) If problems that cannot be handled on site are found during operation and maintenance, they should be reported to the operation and maintenance service agency in a timely manner, and a problem report form should be filled in and reported. After receiving the problem report, the operation and maintenance service agency should handle it in a timely manner according to the problem category. Problems that need to be solved by the operation and maintenance service agency should be solved in a timely manner and a problem resolution report form should be filled out; problems that need to be solved by the owner should be reported to the owner in a timely manner and cooperation in problem solving should be done.
4 Common problems and solutions for indoor facilities
4.1 Common problems and solutions in account takeover
4.1.1 Common problems in account takeover and account management are not standardized
(1) The connection of household pipes with different diameters does not use reducing joints but adopts other irregular connection methods such as cement sealing;
(2) No water trap is set up, resulting The odor enters the room;
(3) The pipe diameter is small and easy to block;
(4) The pipe is exposed and suspended without support and protection.
Take over privately and mix rainwater and sewage
(1) Floor and roof rainwater are connected to sewage pipes;
(2) Sewage is connected to the rainwater grate.
The "four waters" are not distinguished, and there are missing connections, mixed connections, and wrong connections
Kitchen sewage, toilet flushing sewage, bathing wastewater, and washing sewage The four types of water are indistinguishable and can be missed, mixed, or wrongly connected.
4.1.2 Problem Handling
How to deal with irregularities in account takeover
(1) For To prevent odor from overflowing, "S"-shaped water traps must be installed in the water outlet pipes of bathrooms and kitchens. If the small distance from the ground cannot be met, a "P" type water trap can be set up on the buried horizontal pipe;
(2) The available pipe diameter range for the household pipe is 75~160mm , pipes generally use UPVC. The diameter of the drainage pipe in the kitchen should not be less than 75mm, the diameter of the drainage pipe from the farmer's bathroom to the septic tank should not be less than 110mm, and the diameter of the drainage pipe from the septic tank to the branch pipe should not be less than 110mm.
(3) Outdoor exposed pipes should be effectively covered and protected. Generally, pipes can be wrapped with insulation materials and tied with waterproof tape for protection on the outside.
How to deal with the problems of private takeover, rainwater and sewage mixed connection, and missing connection
Check for private takeover, rainwater and sewage mixed connection, and "four water" indiscriminate , whether the problems of missed connections, mixed connections, and wrong connections exist, if so, they should be solved in time; if the operation and maintenance service organization cannot solve them by themselves,Reporting materials should be completed and submitted to the competent authority within one week.
4.2 Common problems and solutions for cleaning wells
4.2.1 Common problems with cleaning wells
Existence of cleaning wells Problems such as breakage, leakage, missing manhole covers, blockage and collapse.
4.2.2 Problem Handling
It is necessary to regularly inspect and clean the sweeping well. If any collapse, damage, leakage or missing manhole cover is found, timely repairs should be carried out. Replace it; clean it in time when there is debris; clear it in time when it is blocked; ensure that the manhole cover can be opened normally and is not sealed.
4.3 Common problems and treatments of septic tanks
4.3.1 Common problems of septic tanks
( 1) The septic tank is damaged, deformed, disconnected, cracked and clogged;
(2) The cleaning opening will be sealed during construction, making it impossible to clean it later;
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(3) The septic tank outlet is not well connected with the pipe network, and the pipe diameter is too small; Frequently clean structures such as pipe networks and inspection wells;
(5) The construction of septic tanks is not standardized (single format, no cleaning outlet, no ventilation pipe, no septic pipe, Bottomless leakage type).
4.3.2 Problem Handling
(1) Regular inspection and cleaning are required, and repairs should be carried out in time when damage, deformation, disconnection or cracking are found. Replace; when blocked, clear it in time; ensure that the cleaning port is not blocked.
(2) Septic tanks that have “leaky bottoms”, are not equipped with fecal openings, have no ventilation pipes, or otherwise do not meet the requirements of the regulations should be reported to the relevant departments in a timely manner.
(3) The septic tank should be cleaned of sludge and floating objects regularly. The long cleaning cycle should not exceed 12 months. The cleaned materials can be incorporated into the sludge treatment system.
(4) Check the septic tank regularly. If there is leakage or rainwater or groundwater entering, it should be repaired in time.
(5) Regularly check the sealing of the septic tank and repair it in time if it is damaged. Pay attention to precautions when opening the cover for inspectionPoison, explosion-proof and drop-proof.
4.4 Common problems and solutions for grease traps
4.4.1 Common problems with grease traps
Separation Oil pools may have problems such as oil slicks, damage, cracks, and clogged overflows.
4.4.2 Problem Handling
(1) Check the grease trap regularly and remove the floating oil in time. The floating oil should be included in (food waste) processing system.
(2) If oil spillage is found, it should be cleaned up in time. If you need to use cleaning fluid and degreasing agent, you should wear corresponding protective gear and pay attention to safe operation.
(3) When the grease trap is found to be damaged or cracked, it should be repaired or replaced in time.
5 Common problems and solutions for pipe network facilities
5.1 Common problems and solutions for connecting wells
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5.1.1 Common problems with the household well
(1) The material of the household well is unqualified, damaged and leaking;
(2) The manhole cover is cracked or missing;
(3) The access well is buried too shallowly.
5.1.2 Problem Handling
Regular inspection and cleaning is required. If collapse, damage, leakage or missing manhole cover is found, it should be repaired and replaced in time; If there is debris, it should be cleaned up in time; if it is clogged, it should be unclogged in time; the manhole cover can be opened normally without sealing. If a household well is found to be too shallow, it should be reported to the competent department in a timely manner, and the competent department will notify the construction party to carry out repairs.
5.2 Common problems and solutions for inspection wells
5.2.1 Common problems with inspection wells
(1) Inspection manhole covers and rainwater manhole covers are mixed;
(2) Inspection wells are clogged with siltation;
(3) The word "sewage" is not marked on the sewage inspection manhole cover;
(4) The inspection well is broken and leaking;
(5) The inspection manhole cover is blocked and cannot be opened normally, resulting in the inability to clean and maintain;
5.2.2 Problem Handling
(1) Check whether the well frame and well shaft are damaged, deformed, or abnormal. If any, they should be repaired and replaced within a week.
(2) The inspection manhole cover should be marked with a sewage mark and can be opened normally without sealing. When the manhole cover is found to be missing or damaged, guardrails and warning signs must be installed promptly and restored within 8 hours.
(3) Check whether there are any missing or damaged anti-fall facilities. If any, they should be repaired within 8 hours.
(4) There should be no debris in the inspection well. The allowable mud depth at the bottom of the mud-type inspection well shall not exceed 50mm below the bottom of the pipe. The allowed depth of mud in the bottom of the mud-type inspection well shall not exceed the pipe diameter. 1/5.
(5) There should be no obvious accumulation of water in the trough type inspection well, and the water level in the sedimentation type inspection well should not be more than 1cm higher than the bottom elevation of the outlet pipe.
(6) Inspection wells should be set up in a standardized manner. When irregularities in the setting are found, the relevant authorities should be notified in a timely manner, who will notify the construction party to make timely repairs.
5.3 Common problems and solutions in the pipe network
5.3.1 Common problems in the pipe network
Pipe network system Among them, household wells and inspection wells may have problems such as damage, leakage, missing manhole covers, blockage, and collapse. Pipelines may have damage, deformation, leakage, siltation, blockage, illegal occupation, unauthorized takeover, and mixed rainwater and sewage connections. question.
5.3.2 Problem Handling
Pipe network repair or replacement should be carried out by professionals, and should be carried out in accordance with the current "Construction and Acceptance of Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline Projects" Specifications" (GB 50268-2008), "Design Specifications for Building Water Supply and Drainage" (GB 50015), "Design Specifications for Outdoor Drainage" (GB 50014) and other specifications.
Conveying pipelines
(1) Check the pipelines for damage, deformation, leakage, blockage and other problems. If any, they should be inspected within a week. Replace and clear pipes inside.
(2) Check whether the pipe envelope and fixed components are falling off, damaged, missing, etc., such asIf yes, it should be repaired, added, and fixed within a week.
(3) Check the mud accumulation in the pipeline. The allowable depth of mud accumulation is 1/5 of the net height of the inner diameter of the pipe. If the mud accumulation exceeds this depth, it should be cleaned up in time.
(4) High-pressure cleaning equipment such as pressure water guns can be used to desilt and dredge the pipelines. When the pipeline itself is damaged or severely clogged and cannot be dredged, the entire section of the pipeline can be excavated and renovated.
(5) Check whether there are any problems such as illegal occupation, private takeover, rainwater and sewage mixed connection or other sewage connection problems in the pipe network. If any, they should be solved in time; if there are any problems such as operation and maintenance services If the institution cannot solve the problem on its own, it should report it to the relevant authorities within one week.
5.4 Common problems and solutions for lifting pump stations
5.4.1 Common problems with lifting pump stations
( 1) The inlet and outlet of the lift pump is blocked;
(2) The lift pump is reversed;
(3) The sealing ring of the lift pump is aging or the connecting hose is Falling off and leaking;
(4) The voltage is too high or too low, causing the water pump to not work properly;
(5) Electrical component failure, causing the water pump to not work properly. Work;
(6) Lift pump installation is not standardized and may cause problems such as sinking into sludge or emerging from the water;
(7) Lift pump cable protection The ring is damaged and leaks electricity.
5.4.2 Problem Handling
(1) The lifting pump should be lifted at least once a year and the submersible motor lead-in cable should be checked. If the cable is found to be damaged, It should be repaired or replaced in time. Before lifting the lift pump, it must be powered off and out of service. Then lift the pump out of the pool through a bracelet or pull rope. Pay attention to protecting the cables and connecting pipes when moving. After the maintenance is completed, place it in the correct position in the pool.
(2) Lift pumps that are not used for a long time should be lifted out of the water collection tank and stored.
(3) Regular inspection, and judge whether the water pump is running normally or not by the sound of the water pump running. If it is not normal, the power should be cut off first, and then the cause of the failure should be checked.
(4) If the lift pump is found to be stuck in sludge or exposed to the water, it must be reinstalled.
(5) If the inlet and outlet of the lift pump are blocked, they should be cleaned in time to keep them open.
(6) After the lift pump stops running, it should be turned on after 5 minutes to avoid motor burnout.
(7) Whenever the lift pump is inspected, it should be powered off and out of service first, and then the lift pump should be lifted out of the pool through a bracelet or pull rope. Pay attention when moving. Protect cables and connecting pipes. After the maintenance is completed, place it in the correct position in the pool...
(8) After the installation is completed, power should be turned on to check whether the direction of rotation is correct. If it is reversed, power must be reconnected.
6 Common problems and solutions for terminal facilities
6.1 Common problems and solutions for pretreatment units
6.1.1 Frequently Asked Questions about Pretreatment Unit
The grate well may have the following problems:
(1) Damage and leakage ;
(2) There is no grille in the well, the grille spacing is too large, and the thick and thin grilles are installed backwards;
(3) Debris in the well, There is a lot of scum and there is a problem of siltation at the bottom of the well.
The regulating pool may have the following problems:
(1) The pool body is damaged and leaking;
(2) Sewage overflow in the pool;
(3) Lift pump failure;
(4) Sludge accumulation at the bottom of the pool;
(5) Problems with scum in the pool;
(6) Problems such as liquid level gauge failure.
6.1.2 Problem handling
Grate well
(1) The grille well is found to be damaged, Problems such as leakage, missing or incorrectly installed grilles should be reported to the owner in a timely manner, and the owner will contact the construction company to make repairs as soon as possible. When the grating well body is seriously damaged and affects its use, it should be rebuilt; when it is found that the grating is damaged or corroded and seriously affects its normal function., the grille should be repaired or replaced in time;
(2) During operation and maintenance, check the amount of screen slag in the screen well and the water level difference before and after the screen. If there is too much screen slag or the water level difference is large, , screen slag cleaning tools (such as slag cleaning nets, slag storage buckets, etc.) should be used in a timely manner; screen slag should be processed or disposed of in a timely manner, and should be included in the domestic waste treatment system for unified disposal.
(3) Regularly check the mud accumulation at the bottom of the grille well and clean up the bottom mud in time.
Regulation pool
(1) Regularly check whether the water pump, liquid level gauge, etc. in the pool are operating normally, and if any faults are found, they should be repaired and replaced in time;
(2) If the regulating pool has damage, leakage, or sewage overflow in the pool, it should be reported to the owner in a timely manner, so that the owner can contact the construction company to repair it as soon as possible. If the regulating pool body is seriously damaged and affects its use, it should be rebuilt;
(3) Regularly check the floating objects on the water surface of the regulating pool, and promptly use professional salvage tools to clean up floating objects and sand; clean up The floating objects and sediment should be properly disposed of and should be included in the domestic waste treatment system for unified disposal; (4) Regularly check and adjust the mud accumulation at the bottom of the pool, and use professional dredging tools in a timely manner. For dredging, use sewage suction trucks and other tools if necessary. The bottom sludge should be included in the sludge treatment system for unified treatment;
(5) Faulty lifting pumps, liquid level gauges and other equipment and instruments should be repaired in time. Replace spare equipment and instruments; when spare equipment and instruments are unavailable, they should be reported and purchased in a timely manner.
6.2 Common problems and solutions for biological treatment units
6.2.1 Frequently asked questions about biological treatment units
( 1) The protective cover of the biological treatment unit is damaged, the pool body leaks, and the anti-corrosion layer falls off;
(2) Insulation measures are not taken in key parts of the pipeline network;
(3) The microporous aeration head in the pool is damaged;
(4) There are sludge expansion and floating sludge phenomena in each treatment unit, and the sludge is not properly cleared;< br />
(5) There is a large amount of oil pollution or special wastewater entering the inlet water;
(6) The MBR tank has insufficient aeration, membrane filaments are broken, and the effluent is turbid;
(7) The sludge settlement ratio is too large or the sludge concentration is too high, affecting the biochemical system;
(8) Inspection holes and other accessory wellhead covers There are problems with the sealing and firmness of the board;
(9) There are no safety warning signs on the opening inspection holes and pool covers;
(10) The silencer material of the fan muffler and the adjustment device of the guide vane are corroded, aged, and peeled off;
(11) The lubrication system, automatic control system, power supply system, air filtration system, and protection system of the fan, Pipe gates, shock absorption and sound insulation systems, etc. are damaged;
(12) Problems such as filling agglomeration, falling off and broken;
(13 ) Return pump and sludge discharge pump are damaged, oil leakage and other problems.
6.2.2 Dealing with problems with anaerobic treatment facilities
(1) Regularly inspect the inspection holes, manholes and other ancillary wellheads of the biological treatment unit pool Whether it is covered, check the tightness and firmness of the cover to prevent people and animals from falling in. If garbage, dirt, debris, etc. are found on the cover, it should be cleaned up in time. If it is damaged, it should be repaired and replaced in time.
(2) Anaerobic digester sludge should be cleaned or discharged once a year: reliable safety measures must be taken for cleaning, and attention should be paid to retaining about 30% of the liquid in the tank. It is not advisable to clear or drain mud in winter.
(3) Regularly observe whether the incoming water quality and quantity are abnormal. If there are abnormal phenomena such as blackening of the water quality, the appearance of foam, or the appearance of peculiar smell, it should be reported to the functional department in time, and samples should be taken regularly to detect the water quality indicators of the incoming and outgoing water.
6.2.3 Handling of problems with aerobic treatment facilities
(1) Regularly check the inspection manhole covers and anti-fall nets. If they are missing or damaged, they should be promptly Repair and replace; minor leaks or damage to the pool should be repaired in time.
(2) Regularly check the condition of biological fillers. Fillers that have been in operation for more than 4 years or fixed biological fillers that have fallen off should be cleaned up in time, and collapsed fillers should be replaced in time.
(3) The hydraulic retention time of the facultative aerobic pool should be 7-14 hours.
(4) When carrying out cleaning and maintenance operations, the "Operation and Maintenance Techniques for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities" should be strictly followed.Operate in accordance with the safety precautions in the "Technical Guidelines (Trial)" and it is strictly prohibited to use open flames near the pool or well.
6.2.4 Dealing with problems with aerobic treatment facilities
(1) Regularly or irregularly inspect the incoming water quantity and quality, and monitor the excessive incoming water quantity If the color, smell, and turbidity of the sewage are abnormal if it is too large or too small, measures should be taken promptly.
(2) Regularly check the dissolved oxygen in the aerobic pool to ensure that the aeration time is sufficient. The dissolved oxygen should be maintained at 2-4mg/L. When the temperature is too low in winter, aeration should be increased appropriately. .
(3) Observe whether the filler in the aerobic tank has fallen off or is blocked. If the filler is found to be falling off or broken, it should be replaced and replenished in time. If it is blocked, the aeration volume can be increased or the return water volume can be increased. , to scour the biofilm and reduce the thickness of the biofilm.
(4) Regularly test the conventional indicators of the aerobic tank. The main test items are water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), sludge sedimentation ratio (SV30), sludge concentration ( MLSS), sludge volume index (SVI), sludge age, etc.
(5) Regularly check the operating conditions of equipment such as mixing, digestive juice return pumps, and sludge return efflux pumps. If any abnormalities or failures are found, they should be maintained and repaired in time.
(6) Check the fan’s lubrication system, automatic control system, power supply system, air filtration system, protection system, pipeline gate, shock absorption and sound insulation system, etc. every three months to see if they are in normal condition. If the condition is abnormal, repair or replace it in time.
(7) Check the sludge settlement ratio and sludge concentration in the aerobic tank at least once a month. When floating sludge appears in the secondary sedimentation tank, the sludge should be discharged in time.
(8) When the silencer material of the fan muffler and the adjustment device of the guide vane are corroded, aged, or peeled off, they should be repaired or replaced in time.
(9) The aerobic pool filler using the biofilm method should be checked once a month to see if there are any clumping, falling off, broken, etc. If any, it should be cleaned and replenished in time.
(10) After half a year of use of the return pump and sludge discharge pump, the sealing and lubrication conditions should be checked to see if there is oil leakage, and the mechanical seals should be replaced if necessary.
6.2.5 Problem Handling of MBR Membrane Treatment Facilities
(1) Regularly check the pressure difference between the membranes, and perform water or chemical cleaning of the modules in a timely manner. When the transmembrane pressure difference rises rapidly, it should beCarry out drug cleaning as early as possible, and membrane module cleaning work should be carried out by professionals.
(2) If the MBR membrane has problems such as broken wires, membrane damage, aging, etc., it should be repaired or replaced in time to ensure stable effluent quality.
(3) Timely adjust the aeration of the MBR membrane system. Equipment faults and problems such as water inlet and outlet, sludge discharge, etc. should be repaired in time, and damaged equipment should be replaced when necessary.
(4) Regularly discharge the remaining sludge to maintain the sludge concentration at 7000~18000mg/L.
(5) Considering the complexity of MBR membrane equipment, other matters not covered shall be strictly implemented in accordance with the specific MBR technical manual.
6.3 Frequently Asked Questions and Solutions of Ecological Treatment Unit
6.3.1 Frequently Asked Questions of Ecological Treatment Unit
( 1) The filler is clogged, the water is retained, and the water quality becomes black and smelly;
(2) The density of aquatic plants and surrounding green plant communities decreases, and the plants grow poorly and even die or freeze to death;< br />
(3) Leakage problem in the artificial wetland pool;
(4) Planting other plants that do not meet the design, etc., affecting daily operation and maintenance work;
6.3.2 Problem handling
(1) Adjust the water level in a timely manner to ensure that there is no water intrusion into ecological treatment units such as artificial wetlands or ecological filters. The phenomenon of submergence in Duanyong Water and outlet end. Remove debris that causes clogging of the artificial wetland or ecological filter system in a timely manner, and promptly replace the matrix or filler in the front area of the artificial wetland or ecological filter.
(2) Regularly clean up weeds, other plants that do not meet the design requirements, and plant residues in ecological treatment units such as artificial wetlands or ecological filters, and conduct inspections on weeds, diseases and insect pests Treated with ecological methods, prohibiting the use of pesticides. Plants in artificial wetlands are replanted or cut according to seasonal and climate changes and plant growth and development.
(2) Regularly observe the amount of incoming and outgoing water to determine whether there are leaks and groundwater infiltration problems in the constructed wetland. If an abnormality is found, repair it in time.
(3) In winter, methods such as covering the surface of artificial wetlands or ecological filters with straw and reeds can be used for cold protection.
(4) Other unfinished requirements for constructed wetland facilities should be implemented in accordance with the "Technical Specifications for Constructed Wetland Sewage Treatment Engineering".
6.4 Frequently Asked Questions about Outlet Water Quality and Solutions
6.4.1 Common Issues about Outlet Water Quality
turbidity of effluent water , has peculiar smell and color, and the water quality exceeds the standard.
6.4.2 Problem Handling
(1) Observe the overall equipment, water outlet wells, and pipe network connection wells to see if there are cracks and leaks; if If the water outlet is damaged or leaking, and the cover is damaged or missing, it should be repaired or replaced in time.
(2) Check whether other wastewater has entered the water inlet of the equipment, promptly investigate and cut off the source of wastewater, and report it to the relevant authorities to prevent secondary pollution.
(3) If the effluent quality exceeds the standard, it should be rectified in time. For water quality parameters that exceed the standard, targeted debugging measures will be taken to rectify the aeration, backflow, dissolved oxygen, sludge content, etc. of each unit of equipment.
(4) The operation and maintenance unit should promptly enter self-inspection data, result evaluation, rectification feedback and other water quality self-inspection records into the enterprise information platform and archive them.
(5) According to Zhejiang Province’s "Guidelines for Effluent Water Quality Testing and Results Evaluation of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities", carry out sampling and water quality testing of the incoming and outgoing water from the treatment terminal, and record and analyze the test results in a timely manner and report it.
6.5 Common problems and solutions for discharge wells
6.5.1 Frequently asked questions
(1) Discharge wells The protective manhole cover is damaged;
(2) There is floating garbage in the well;
(3) The water volume is abnormal and the flow meter is damaged.
6.5.2 Problem Handling
(1) Drainage well protective manhole covers that are damaged or have safety issues should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner.
(2) Clean the bottom and walls of the discharge well once a month to keep the well walls smooth and clean, and there should be no silt deposits at the bottom of the well.
(3) Emissions should be checked regularlyCheck whether the flow meter in the well is operating normally. If any abnormality is found, it should be reported to the superior authority in time, and the superior authority will send technicians to repair it.
6.6 Equipment common problems and solutions
6.6.1 Equipment common problems
(1) Site terrain Low, the equipment was soaked by surface runoff water;
(2) Water pump and fan failure;
(3) Flow meter and liquid level float were damaged ;
(4) Electrical component failure.
6.6.2 Problem Handling
(1) The construction party should be notified as soon as possible to correct the problem of equipment damage due to the low location of the equipment.
(2) All electrical equipment should be inspected regularly and inspection records should be kept as required. Water pump equipment should be inspected regularly to check whether the cables are damaged and whether the entrance seal of the junction boxcable cable is intact. Blockages in the impeller, gate valve, and water pump inlet should be removed in time, and the fault should be eliminated or the water pump should be replaced to resume operation. . Fan equipment should be maintained regularly. Fans that have stopped running should be promptly troubleshooted, filled with oil, replaced with dust-proof films, belts or the entire fan, and restored to normal operation. Electrical components and equipment should be inspected by a professional electrician promptly to determine the cause of the failure and restore normal operation. The test items and requirements for high and low voltage electrical equipment after regular maintenance should comply with the current industry standard "Preventive Test Procedures for Electric Power Equipment" (DL/T 596), and illegal operations are strictly prohibited.
6.7 Common Problems and Solutions of Smart Operation and Maintenance Platform
6.7.1 Frequently Asked Questions
(1) Failure to install or modify the treatment water volume measurement and operating status monitoring system in accordance with the specifications;
(2) Due to equipment operation, static electricity and other factors, dust is sucked into the supervision equipment and affects the normal operation of the equipment;
(3) Problems such as aging and damage of monitoring equipment and network accessories;
(4) Server software and hardware failure problems;
(5) The virus in the server affects normal operation;
(6) Not yetUsing the software in accordance with the operating procedures and requirements of the operation and maintenance platform software results in system failure or damage.
6.7.2 Problem Handling
(1) Regularly clean the dust exposed on the supervision center equipment and other office equipment. Prevent dust from being inhaled into the supervision equipment due to equipment operation, static electricity and other factors to ensure the normal operation of the equipment; (2) Designed daily processing capacity of more than 30 tons, benefiting more than 100 farmers, or Rural domestic sewage treatment facilities located in functional areas with higher water environment requirements should standardize the installation or modification of treatment water volume measurement and operation status monitoring systems in accordance with relevant environmental supervision requirements, and regularly monitor the treatment water volume and effluent water quality.
(3) Regularly check the operating status of the hardware and software equipment of the supervision center. If equipment hardware or software faults are found, or the equipment operating status is abnormal, promptly notify the equipment supplier or relevant departments to provide Technical support and troubleshooting.
(4) Regularly inspect network accessories and monitoring equipment that are prone to aging and damage, and find components that are aging or damaged (such as network modules, network cables, monitoring equipment, etc.) , should be replaced in time.
(5) Conduct virus detection on the server regularly every week and upgrade anti-virus software.
(6) The operation and maintenance platform software should be operated strictly in accordance with the operation and maintenance platform software operating instructions.
6.8 Other technical issues
The site has no signage, warning signs, fences, or greening, and the operation and maintenance is not timely.
The operation and maintenance unit should promptly add facilities around the site and greening within the site, add signboards and warning signs, repair fences, promptly communicate with owners and towns about the use of site equipment land by residents, and formulate Operation and maintenance emergency plans, timely response, problem solving, and ensuring that the overall project meets standards and operates stably.
7 Common laboratory problems and solutions
7.1 Common laboratory problems
< div> (1) The laboratory settings are not standardized;
(2) The laboratory instruments and equipment configuration do not meet the requirements and cannot meet the water quality testing requirements;
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(4) Laboratory instruments and equipment were not calibrated and inspected annually as required.
7.2 Problem Handling
(1) The laboratory should be designed strictly in accordance with the "Guidelines for the Construction of Rural Domestic Sewage Water Quality Testing Laboratory";
①The ground should take anti-slip, anti-corrosion and waterproof measures;
②The water supply and drainage system should be designed independently. The water supply should include tap water and pure water for experimental purposes. Waste liquid should be collected and disposed of in a centralized manner;
③The power distribution system should include lighting power and equipment power, and should be wired separately to form a loop. Indoor lighting should comply with the relevant provisions of the current national standard "Architectural Lighting Design Standard" GB50034. Precision instruments and equipment should be equipped with uninterruptible power supply systems and should be equipped with grounding protection;
④The gas supply system should be designed independently. Compressed gas cylinders should be secured, stored away from fire sources and in a cool place. Flammable and explosive gas cylinders should be placed separately;
⑤The ventilation system should include full-room ventilation, local exhaust hoods and fume hood ventilation, which should be discharged through dedicated pipelines, and toxic waste gases should be treated emission. The air supply and exhaust systems of precision instrument rooms and clean laboratories should be designed and used independently.
(2) Reasonable, safe and efficient instruments and equipment should be configured according to the testing indicators required for the project.
(3) Handling of laboratory safety issues
① A sound safety management system should be established, with fire prevention and anti-theft measures in place, and a safety emergency plan should be established ;
② Fire smoke alarms, fire extinguishing facilities, emergency showers, eye washers, first aid kits and other safety protection facilities and equipment should be installed, and warning signs should be provided;
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③ Safety instructions for hazardous chemicals should be formulated. The management of highly toxic and radioactive items should be carried out in accordance with the system of double management, double acceptance, double delivery, double lock and double ledger. Flammable, explosive, and corrosive items should be managed in accordance with relevant regulations;
④Toxic and hazardous waste generated during the testing process should be discharged after harmless treatment, or be discharged by a dedicated person in accordance with the material's The nature and dangerous goods management regulations shall be kept, filed and recorded, and sent to professional processing departments for safe treatment on a regular basis;
⑤Should be determinedConduct safety education, training and drills for inspection personnel on a regular basis;
⑥After the work is completed, safety inspections of water, electricity, gas, doors, etc. should be carried out.
8 Emergency FAQs and Solutions
8.1 Emergency FAQs
(1) The incoming water quality exceeds the standard;
(2)Terminal water outage problem;
(3)Power outage problem;
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(4) Natural disaster accidents;
(5) Odor secondary pollution problem;
(6) Personnel injury problem.
8.2 Problem Handling
(1) Handling of Problems with Influent Water Quality Exceeding Standards
Generally, if the incoming water quality exceeds the standard, It refers to the fact that water other than rural domestic sewage, such as production wastewater from small workshops and industrial facilities, is mixed into the pipe network, causing a certain indicator in the incoming water to exceed the standard.
When abnormal incoming water quality is found (identified by pH, color, odor, etc.), the operation and maintenance unit should take effective measures in a timely manner to prevent the abnormal incoming water quality from affecting the operation of terminal facilities. At the same time, samples should be taken for inspection in a timely manner and reported to the operation and maintenance center immediately. After the laboratory test results determine that the incoming water exceeds the standard, it should be immediately reported to the operation and maintenance center and the person in charge of the township, and the superior authorities and supervisory departments should check the source of the excessive water, and take necessary measures in a timely manner to prevent the excessive water from entering the pipe network.
(2) Handling of terminal water outage problem
If it is found that the water inlet at the terminal site is abnormally interrupted, the operation and maintenance unit should immediately organize personnel to inspect the pipe network Conduct investigation and clearing. If terminal water outage occurs for a long time, pipe network rupture and leakage are likely to occur, and the relevant responsible persons of the township and village committees should be promptly reported to arrange for repairs. If terminal water outage occurs for a short period of time, operating parameters should be adjusted in time, such as reducing aeration time, increasing return flow, increasing hydraulic retention time, etc. to ensure normal operation of terminal facilities and normal effluent water quality.
(3) Handling of power outage problems
If you encounter a power outage problem, you should report it to the government department in time, and contact the power supply company in time for the power supply situation. Emergency generators can be used for emergencyProvide regular power supply to ensure normal operation of treatment facilities. If power supply cannot be guaranteed due to special reasons and the site cannot operate normally, sewage suction trucks can be used to pump sewage to a qualified sewage treatment unit for disposal.
(4) Natural disaster accident handling
For sudden earthquakes, typhoons, floods and other natural disasters that cause sewage transportation to be blocked and treatment facilities to be submerged, When there are problems such as damage to power distribution and electromechanical equipment, on the premise of ensuring the personal safety of personnel, they should be reported immediately to the operation and maintenance center, and the person in charge of the accident emergency team will direct and take corresponding rescue and other measures. When necessary, we should promptly request support from superior authorities and relevant government departments, and actively cooperate with relevant external units to carry out emergency repairs.
(5) Treatment of odor secondary pollution problems
Ventilation and aeration of each process sewage treatment tank should be carried out in a timely manner, and processes without aeration conditions should be carried out in a timely manner An aerator can be added to the pool for emergency aeration. Ventilation operation can be carried out in two steps:
1) For low-concentration odorous gases, the equipment cover can be opened and allowed to diffuse and dilute naturally;
2) For high-concentration odorous gases, strong aromatic odorants can be added to neutralize them, so that surrounding residents can accept the treated gas environment.
(6) Handling of personal injury problems
In case of personal injury, scientific and effective on-site rescue measures should be taken promptly:
①Precautions for on-site first aid
A. Report to the leader immediately and notify nearby colleagues to come for support;
B. Choose a favorable location and set up a temporary first aid point;
C. Do a good job in personal protection and protection of yourself and the sick and wounded;
D. Try to control The situation develops viciously and prevents secondary and secondary damage.
②On-site treatment
A. Quickly rescue the victim from the danger area to a safe place, depending on the specific situation
Seek medical attention immediately or request the 120 ambulance to come to the scene for first aid.
B. Protect the scene;
C. According to Zhejiang Province’s "Rural Life"Safety Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Live Sewage Treatment Facilities" requires prompt treatment.
9 Explanation of wording in this guideline
9.1 In order to facilitate differential treatment when implementing the provisions of this guideline, the Words that require different degrees of strictness are explained as follows:
(1) Words that express strictness and must do so:
Positive words are used "Must", the negative word is "strictly prohibited";
(2) Words that express strictness and should be done under normal circumstances:
Use "should" as a positive word, and "should not" or "should not" as a negative word;
(3) Use words that indicate that you have a choice and can do so under certain conditions. "Can".
9.2 When the article specifies that it should be implemented in accordance with other relevant standards and specifications, it should be written as: "should comply with the provisions of..." or "should be implemented in accordance with...".
10 List of references in this guideline
The content of this standard refers to the provisions in the following documents. For undated referenced documents, the valid edition applies to this standard.
"Outdoor Drainage Design Specifications"
"Urban Water Supply and Drainage Technical Specifications"
"Town (Township) )Village Drainage Engineering Technical Regulations"
"Building Water Supply and Drainage Design Code"
"Electric Equipment Preventive Test Regulations"
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《Construction and Acceptance Specifications for Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline Projects》
《Technical Specifications for Constructed Wetland Sewage Treatment Engineering》
《Architectural Lighting Design Standard》
"Technical Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities (Trial)"
"Guidelines for Effluent Water Quality Testing and Results Evaluation of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities" 》Zhejiang Province
"Water Pollutant Discharge Standards for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities"
Original title: Zhejiang Province "Frequently Asked Questions about Rural Domestic Wastewater Operation and Maintenance" and Treatment Guidelines"
(Original title: Zhejiang Province's "Frequently Asked Questions and Treatment Guidelines for Rural Domestic Sewage Operation and Maintenance")
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